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The Russian attack on Ukraine in February last year obviously took the German public and the Bundeswehr by surprise. After decades of scarcity, politics and the armed forces are in a shambles. In order not to be caught unawares by another crisis of this magnitude, Germany must change course. For this purpose, the following text provides five impulses for discussion - with central lessons and strategic implications for the Bundeswehr and security policy.

1. Rude awakening with beginning of war:

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