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In the spring of 1963, after a competition against Boeing Vertol (CH-47 Chinook), Sikorsky was awarded the contract to build a medium transport helicopter for the United States Marine Corps. The first flight of the CH-53A (Sikorsky designation S-65A) took place on October 14, 1964, and deliveries began in mid-1966. The first CH-53A were deployed to Vietnam in January 1967. After the Marine Corps, the US Army and Navy also procured CH-53 variants. After the USA, Germany is the second largest purchaser of the pattern. In total, almost 2,000 CH-53s were built.

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